Launched September 5, 1977 | Mission: Active
Now traveling through interstellar space
A simplified top-down view of the solar system. Distances beyond Neptune are compressed so everything fits on one screen — in reality Voyager 1 is more than 170× farther from the Sun than Earth, and over five times past Neptune, the most distant planet.
Voyager 1 is the most distant human-made object in existence. Launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, it was originally designed for a five-year mission to study Jupiter and Saturn. Nearly five decades later, it is still operating — now traveling through interstellar space at roughly 17 kilometers per second, more than 25 billion kilometers from Earth. No spacecraft in history has ever ventured this far.
On August 25, 2012, Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause — the boundary where the Sun's solar wind gives way to the interstellar medium — becoming the first spacecraft to enter interstellar space. Its twin, Voyager 2, followed in November 2018. Together they represent humanity's only direct sampling of the environment beyond our solar system.
The spacecraft carries a golden phonograph record — known as the Golden Record — containing sounds, music, and images representing life on Earth, intended as a message to any civilization that might one day encounter it. In 2023, Voyager 1 made global headlines when it began transmitting garbled data due to a failing memory chip. NASA engineers devised a remarkable software fix transmitted across 24 billion kilometers of space, restoring full communications in April 2024.
To stretch its dwindling nuclear power, NASA has switched off most of Voyager 1's instruments over the decades. Only two are still returning science from interstellar space today.
| Instrument | Voyager 1 Status |
|---|---|
| MAGMagnetometer | On |
| PWSPlasma Wave Subsystem | On |
| CRSCosmic Ray Subsystem | Off — power saving (Feb 25, 2025) |
| LECPLow-Energy Charged Particles | Off — power saving (Apr 17, 2026) |
| PLSPlasma Science | Off — degraded performance (Feb 1, 2007) |
| ISSImaging cameras | Off — power saving (Feb 14, 1990) |
| IRISInfrared Spectrometer & Radiometer | Off — power saving (Jun 3, 1998) |
| PPSPhotopolarimeter Subsystem | Off — degraded performance (Jan 29, 1980) |
| PRAPlanetary Radio Astronomy | Off — power saving (Jan 15, 2008) |
| UVSUltraviolet Spectrometer | Off — power saving (Apr 19, 2016) |
Source: NASA/JPL — Voyager mission status, updated April 2026.